...牙膏中的摩擦剂.请在表中填写各种摩擦剂所属的物
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发布时间:2024-10-24 11:16
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时间:2024-11-10 08:25
(1)氢氧化铝是由铝离子和氢氧根离子组成的化合物,属于碱;
碳酸钙是由金属离子和酸根离子组成的化合物,属于盐;
二氧化硅是只有硅元素和氧元素组成的化合物,属于氧化物;
故答案为:碱;盐;氧化物;
(2)牙膏摩擦剂是为了摩擦用的,应该难溶于水;
故答案为:难溶.
(3)石灰石的主要成分碳酸钙高温分解生成氧化钙和二氧化碳;生石灰和水反应生成氢氧化钙;氢氧化钙和碳酸钾反应生成碳酸钙沉淀和氢氧化钾;
故答案为:
CaCO3 高温 . CaO+CO2↑;
CaO+H2O═Ca(OH)2;
Ca(OH)2+K2CO3═2KOH+CaCO3↓;
(4)若仍用石灰石为原料,可先将石灰石高温分解,生成的氧化钙与水反应生成氢氧化钙,再将氢氧化钙与二氧化碳反应生成碳酸钙,反应流程图是:
石灰石高温生石灰加水 石灰水通入二氧化碳 碳酸钙;该方案与题中设计的方案相比,二氧化碳更易得到;
故答案为:
石灰石高温生石灰加水 石灰水通入二氧化碳 碳酸钙;
二氧化碳原料易得;
(5)碳酸盐能和稀盐酸反应生成二氧化碳,常用此性质来检验某物质中是否含有碳酸盐;
故答案为:向牙膏中加入适量的稀盐酸,如果生成的气体能使澄清的石灰水变浑浊,则证明牙膏中含有碳酸盐;
(6)根据质量守恒定律可知:反应生成的二氧化碳的质量是20.0g+40.0g-55.6g=4.4g
设20.0g牙膏中含CaCO3的质量是x,反应中耗去HCl的质量是y
CaCO3+2HCl═CaCl2 +CO2↑+H2O
100 73 44
x y 4.4g
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